In 1984 the improved PIVADS (Product-Improved VADS) system was introduced, providing improvements in the ease of use and accuracy of fire, but the limitations of the 20x102 mm caliber remained. In order to provide effective battlefield air defense against helicopters equipped with anti-tank missiles that could be fired accurately from ranges of several kilometers, the VADS was slated to be replaced by the M247 Sergeant York DIVADS (Divisional Air Defense System), but that system was canceled due to cost overruns, technical problems and generally poor performance. The last combat action the VADS participated in was Operation Desert Storm.
One Vulcan of B Battery, 2/62 ADA sank a PDF patrol boat. For example, VADS guns were used to support American ground assault troops in Panama in 1989 during Operation Just Cause. In US and Israeli service, the VADS has rarely been needed in its intended purpose of providing defense against aerial threats-consequently, the Vulcan gun system was in use throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s primarily as a ground support weapon. Additionally, the radar was a range-only set incapable of finding targets. Its 20x102mm round gave it a low effective range of only 1,200 meters (3,900 ft), and its standard air-defense load of HEI-T rounds would self-destruct at approximately 1,800 meters (5,900 ft), a hard limit on range. The M163 had a fairly limited range from the start. The gun fires at 3,000 rounds per minute in short bursts of 10, 30, 60, or 100 rounds, or it can fire in continuous fire mode at a rate of 1,000 rounds per minute. The system is suitable for night operations with the use of AN/PVS series night vision sights that can be mounted to the right side of the primary sight. The M163 uses a small, range-only radar, the AN/VPS-2, and an M61 optical lead-calculating sight. The system was designed to complement the M48 Chaparral missile system. The weapon is mounted on a modified M113 vehicle (the M741 carrier). combat aircraft since the 1960s, mounted on either an armored vehicle or a trailer. The M168 gun is a variant of the General Dynamics 20 mm (0.79 in) M61 Vulcan rotary cannon, the standard cannon in most U.S. The M163 Vulcan Air Defense System ( VADS) is a self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (SPAAG) that was used by the United States Army.
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